8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

Se expone en este artículo la amplia labor que desarrolla el Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina (IHM) y su participación en múltiples programas y proyectos nacionales e internacionales, representando a España y manteniendo relaciones permanentes de colaboración con diversas Organizaciones, Comisiones y Comités de carácter supranacional. Tras una síntesis histórica del IHM, cuyos orígenes en el Padrón Real de 1508 le otorgan la rimacía mundial como Instituto Hidrográfico, se describen detalladamente las actividades que desarrolla el Instituto en las diferentes áreas (...) de su competencia (Hidrografia, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Cartografía, Navegación, Oceanografía), destacando el intenso y continuado trabajo que realizan sus buques hidrográficos y el proceso de transformación que se está llevando a cabo para implantar las modernas tecnologías en todos estos campos de actuación. Haciendo honor a la cita de que «Europa aprendió a navegar en libros españoles», se recogen también en este artículo las numerosas publicaciones que continúa editando el Instituto, como responsable que es de mantener actualizada la cartografía náutica y sus correspondientes avisos y ayudas a la navegación, para finalizar con una referencia a la labor docente que desarrolla su Escuela de Hidrografía. (shrink)

Este artículo examina cómo el concepto de libertad ha sido resignificado a lo largo de los diferentes períodos históricos de Occidente, desde la concepción greco-romana de autogobierno colectivo hasta las interpretaciones de la libertad en la cultura postmoderna. El estudio utiliza un enfoque analítico-conceptual y una metodología documental, tomando como unidades de análisis a los principales referentes filosóficos sobre la libertad. A través de un análisis comparativo, se identifican los principales cambios y continuidades en la evolución de este concepto, explorando (...) las diversas perspectivas y matices aportados por pensadores clave en la historia occidental. Esta investigación permite comprender cómo la idea de libertad ha sido moldeada por los contextos históricos, sociales y culturales, reflejando las tensiones y los desafíos inherentes a la búsqueda de la autonomía humana. (shrink)

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de innovación educativa de aprendizaje de competencias, realizado en el Curso Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU, transversal a toda su oferta educativa. Se trata de nuevo proyecto basa- do en una docencia híbrida, donde las masterclass más teóricas se han complemen- tado con un aprendizaje basado en retos vinculados a materias de comunicación y sostenibilidad, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint. De esta forma, se consigue formar al alumno en las llamadas (...) habilidades blandas, cada vez más demandadas por el entorno laboral. (shrink)

El presente artículo de reflexión es el resultado de una investigación que tuvo un enfoque metodológico cualitativo que se expresó en dos dimensiones: uno analítico-conceptual y otro crítico-hermenéutico, y está dirigido primordialmente a examinar el problema de la obediencia moral al derecho desde los presupuestos teóricos y conceptuales de la ética normativa. Sosteniendo como tesis principal que la ética no puede equipararse a una moral aplicada, en la medida que esto implicaría confundir la ética con la moral y por el (...) contrario, el cumplimiento de las normas se da por ser lo moralmente correcto, en consecuencia, será posible concluir a través del presente trabajo que existe una obligación moral de cumplir el derecho, salvo juicios morales concretos frente a ciertas regulaciones de conductas establecidas por normas que no estén acorde a los valores críticos o morales. (shrink)

Semantic noise, the effect ensuing from the denotative and thus functional variability exhibited by different terms in different contexts, is a common concern in natural language processing (NLP). While unarguably problematic in specific applications (e.g., certain translation tasks), the main argument of this paper is that failing to observe this linguistic matter of fact as a generative effect rather than as an obstacle, leads to actual obstacles in instances where language model outputs are presented as neutral. Given that a common (...) and long-standing challenge in NLP is the interpretation of ambiguous – i.e., semantically noisy – cases, this article focuses on an exemplar ambiguity-resolution task in NLP: the problem of anaphora in Winograd schemas. The main question considered is: to what extent is the standard approach to disambiguation in NLP subject to a stagnant “image of language”? And, can a transdisciplinary, dynamic approach combining linguistics and philosophy elucidate new perspectives on these possible conceptual shortcomings? In order to answer these questions we explore the term and concept of noise, particularly in its presentation as semantic noise. Owing to its definitional plurality, and sometimes even desirable unspecificity, the term noise is thus used as proof of concept for semantic generativity being an inherent characteristic in linguistic representation, and its concept is used to interrogate assumptions admitted in the resolution of Winograd schemas. The argument is speculative and theoretical in method, and the result is an analysis which provides an account of the fundamentally dialogical and necessarily open-ended effects of semantic noise in natural language. (shrink)

Assim como em outras partes do mundo, a situação midiática na Ásia sofre a influência dos poderes políticos, econômicos e culturais, refletidos em uma variedade de sistemas de funcionamento da mídia. Este artigo é trecho de tese de doutorado defendida em 2007 e analisa os discursos jornalísticos em três jornais (da Indonésia, da Malásia e de Cingapura) referentes aos atentados de Bali em 2002; contra o hotel JW Marriott em Jacarta em 2003; contra a embaixada da Austrália em Jacarta em (...) 2004 e ao atentado suicida em Bali em 2005. (shrink)

Objeto: la crisis de la COVID-19 ha causado un cambio profundo en el estilo de vida de la ciudadanía. Las olas previas han demostrado que en régimen de confinamiento se pueden desarrollar problemas de salud mental y hay efectos sobre la actividad física y cambios en los hábitos dietéticos. Tema y metodología: se envió a los trabajadores del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) un cuestionario en línea sobre sus costumbres relacionadas con la salud durante el confinamiento en España. Resultados: (...) en general se observó una mejora en los patrones dietéticos, excepto por la ingesta de aperitivos y de productos de panadería y bollería. La actividad física quedó sustancialmente reducida, especialmente en los hombres, al contrario que los cambios psicológicos, que fueron mayores en las mujeres, manifestados principalmente como ansiedad y desorden del sueño. Además, las conductas de ingesta alimentaria como escape emocional se detectaron principalmente en las mujeres, aunque la ingesta relacionada con el aburrimiento se observó en ambos géneros. Conclusión: los patrones dietéticos de los trabajadores del CSIC siguieron en general las recomendaciones para el confinamiento de la COVID-19, aunque la mitad de los participantes disminuyeron la práctica de actividad física. Con respecto a los cambios psicológicos, las conductas de ingesta alimentaria como escape emocional aparecieron asociadas a la ansiedad, especialmente en las mujeres, y al aburrimiento en ambos géneros. (shrink)

We discuss prior publication and redundancy in contemporary science in the context of changing perceptions of originality in the communication of research results. These perceptions have been changing in the publication realm, particularly in the last 15 years. Presenting a brief overview of the literature, we address some of the conflicts that are likely to arise between authors and editors. We illustrate our approach with conference presentations that are later published as journal articles and focus on a recent retraction of (...) an article that had been previously published as a conference proceedings. Although we do not make definitive pronouncements on the matter—as many concepts are evolving—we do argue that conference papers that contain sufficient details for others to attempt a replication and are indexed in scientific databases such as PubMed, challenge some currently held assumptions of prior publication and originality in the sciences. Our view is that these important issues are in need of further clarification and harmonization within the science publishing community. This need is more evident when we consider current notions of research integrity when it comes to communication to peers. Revisiting long-standing views about what constitutes prior publication and developing a clearer set of guidelines for authors and editors to follow should reduce conflicts in the research environment, which already exerts considerable pressure, especially on newcomers in academia. However, while clearer guidelines are timely, developing them is only part of the challenge. The present times seem to call for deeper changes in the research and publication systems. (shrink)

A Igreja Católica, ao propagar a fé cristã e a conversão das populações indígenas e ribeirinhas da região amazônica, produziu suas ideologias na forma de escritos, as quais também estão presentes nas narrativas orais. Neste artigo, cujo aporte teórico está vinculado aos estudos Pós-coloniais e ao pensamento Decolonial, a partir da articulação das diferenças entre o real e o imaginário, salvação e pecado, deseja-se responder a seguinte questão: a que formação ideológica e formas de educar estaria ligado o “Mito da (...) Capela de Ouro”, na região do médio amazonas paraense? Para tanto, nesta pesquisa baseada em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, foram investigados diários de viagens de missionários à região Amazônica, especialmente à região do rio Trombetas, impressos e manuscritos publicados por igrejas e pelo Conselho Nacional de Proteção ao índio, no século XX. Os dados apontam que o “Mito da Capela de Ouro” decorre de uma tentativa de colonização do imaginário das populações nativas da região, tendo em vista que o mundo sobrenatural cristão era inteiramente oposto ao mundo sobrenatural indígena e ribeirinho, relacionado naquele contexto à demonização. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer presente desafios e perspectivas que se colocam para uma educação em religiosidade no contexto da educação básica. O termo religiosidade é compreendido e assumido aqui como condição do ser humano, no aspecto do antropológico, razão pela qual fundamenta-se nos estudos e análises de diferentes ciências sociais. Tomamos como referência, para uma compreensão de religiosidade, estudos da Psicologia do desenvolvimento humano, tendo como parâmetro o desenvolvimento pessoal e moral em Kohlberg, e o desenvolvimento da religiosidade (...) em Fowler. Levantamos pertinências para um currículo escolar que tenha como objeto de conhecimento o “conhecimento religioso” proposto pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), e propomos, assim, uma educação em religiosidade desde a condição antropológica do ser humano. A finalidade de uma educação em religiosidade é para que se contribua com a percepção do ser humano na sua complexa totalidade e, neste aspecto, levar o estudante a aprender sobre o sentido da esperança que norteia a vida, o compreender-se no mundo, o constituir-se na alteridade e para saber interpretar fenômenos subjacentes às culturas. (shrink)

Partindo da recusa em aceitar a tese como um princípio teórico, fizemos a experiência da recuperação do sentido gestual/musical que se guarda na palavra: o sentido da thésis. Na recusa, adentramos o caminho do pensar que é deixar fazerse: o Hermes da musicalidade. Essa é a viagem com as asas da liberdade. Nela, trilhamos o caminho da dinamogênese do poético como a dobra do ser. A dobra é ondulação rítmica. É movimento de proximidade e distância instaurador da medida que faz (...) com que todas as artes sejam verdadeiramente Arte: a musicalidade. Como dinamogênese, ou seja, como fonte da onda em movimento, a thésis, o tempo da Música, desvela-se como o lugar da poesia, abrigando a essência velada do ritmo. Nessa caminhada também enfrentamos o confronto entre causalidade e musicalidade. (shrink)

This paper analyses the way in which discourse and argumentation may vary depending on participants’ educational level and gender. Men and women from three different educational levels (literacy, advanced level and university students) participated in discussion groups that debated about women and work, the sharing of housework and the way in which girls and boys are educated. The results showed important differences depending on participants’ educational level and gender. In general, the main differences were related to educational level, while gender (...) tended to interact with educational level, as a moderating factor. (shrink)

This article examines the impact of ChatGPT on judicial reasoning, focusing on a recent Colombian case where the judge utilized ChatGPT in the decision-making process. The case, decided in January 2023, provides a unique “pilot case study” on the subject, as the judge, in the decision, openly referenced the questions he posed to ChatGPT and the responses of the system. The article explores the case’s implications, the initial reactions to it, and its meaning and implications within the evolving Colombian legal (...) landscape regarding the integration of technologies into judicial proceedings. (shrink)

Escritos por onze renomados filósofos os ensaios pretendem, de forma acessível e didática, explicitar as principais tendências e perspectivas da reflexão ética contemporânea. Indicado a estudantes e docentes de filosofia ética, teologia, sociologia e interessados em geral. -/- Prefàcio 1.Tendencias neoaristotelicas na etica atual - Sergio Cremaschi 2. Alasdair MacIntyre e o retorno as tradicoes morais de pesquisa racional - Helder Buenos Aires de Carvalho 3. Etica da finitude - Zeljko Loparic 4. Por uma etica ilustrada e progressista: uma defesa (...) do utilitarismo - Maria Cecilia Maringoni de Carvalho 5. A relacao da filosofia analitica com a teologia moral - Terence Kennedy 6. Rawls: uma teoria etico-politica da justica - Sonia T. Felipe 7. Etica do discurso - F. Javier Herrero 8. Hans Jonas: o principio responsabilidade - Oswaldo Giacoia Junior 9. Etica de coerencia dialetica - Carlos Cirne-Lima 10. Etica intencionalista-teleologica em vittorio hosle - Manfredo Araujo de Oliveira. (shrink)

Se presenta un artículo con el objetivo de elaborar un sistema de talleres con la utilización de técnicas participativas para la autodirección estudiantil en la universidad médica, tema de gran relevancia en el desempeño del modelo del profesional. Este sistema contiene un conjunto de orientaciones teórico-metodológicas y herramientas de trabajo para ser implementadas por los estudiantes en la brigada, las cuales propician el fortalecimiento de su autodirección en analogía con el modelo del profesional. An article is presented with the objective (...) of elaborating a system of workshops with the use of collaborative techniques for the students’ self-direction in the medical university, issue of great relevance in the development of the future professional. This system contains a group of theoretical-methodological guidelines and working tools to be implemented by the students of the brigade, the ones that give the strength of its self-direction in analogy with the ideal professional. (shrink)

Ethics regulation for human-subject research has been established for about 20 years in Brazil. However, compliance with this regulation is controversial for non-biomedical sciences, particularly for human and social sciences, the source of a recent debate at the National Commission for Research Ethics. We hypothesized that for these fields, formal requirements for compliance with HSR regulation in graduate programs, responsible for the greatest share of Brazilian science, would be small in number. We analyzed institutional documents from 171 graduate programs at (...) six prestigious Brazilian universities in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the states that fund most of the science conducted in Brazil. Among these programs, 149 were in HSS. The results suggest that non-compliance with standard regulation seems to be the rule in most of these programs. The data may reflect not only a resistance from scientists in these fields to comply with standard regulations for ethics in HSR but also a disciplinary tradition that seems prevalent when it comes to research ethics in HSR. However, recent encounters between Brazilian biomedical and non-biomedical scientists for debates over ethics in HSR point to a changing culture in the approach to research ethics in the country. (shrink)

Resumo: Vivendo os momentos contemporâneos da sociedade, da ciência,da tecnologia, da virtualidade e do quadro de giz; me ponho como uma sintomatologista desses tempos. Para isso, eventualmente, me desnudo do ser professora, para, assim, poder olhar o que não vejo quando estou nas vestes dessa identidade. Os sintomas fazem com que escreva e trace muitas linhas para transitar nesse cosmo da “didática no currículo”. Algumas dessas linhas são lisas, sinuosas, umas ainda não ditas, outras ainda têm que ser esfaceladas, porém (...) elas estão sendo experimentadas com as forças da vida. Ponho-me a escrever e a estudar as questões de didática e de currículo,fazendo interlocuções com outras áreas do conhecimento como a filosofia, a história da ciência, a história e a arte. É claro que não pretendo esgotar questões dessa temática nem que o quisesse, pois são estudos de muitas vertentes conceituais. O leitor vai encontrar duas forças que produzem e produziram as didáticas: as vertigens da modernidade e as da pós-modernidade. Essas forças vertiginosas traçaram territórios diferenciados nas propostas de currículos e de planejamentos. O que quero e faço são bricolagens teóricas para encaminhar algumas teses e descrições que trago a este ensaio. Palavras-chaves: Didática. Planejamento. Pós-currículo.: Surviving the contemporary moments of Society, Science, Technology, Virtuality and also the picture of a chalk, I describe myself as a symptomatologyst of this time, and to do so, I eventually undress myself of being a teacher in order to be able to see what I cannot when I am in the garments of this identity. The symptoms make me write and draw lines to go into the cosmos of “Didacticism in the curriculum”. Some of these lines are still smooth and winding, some have not been stated yet, and some need to be wrecked. However they are being tried by the strength of life. Issues about Education and Curriculum will go through inter-phrases with other areas of knowledge like Philosophy, History of Science, History and Art. I clearly do not intend to exhaust this issue, since these studies are conceptualized from a great variety of origins. The reader is going to find two strengths which have produced didacticism: the dizziness of Modernity and Pos-modernity. These dizzy strengths drew differentiated territories to curriculum and planning proposals. What I am going to do is a theoretical bricolage to direct some theories and descriptions. Keywords: Didacticism. Planning. Poscurriculum. (shrink)

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is impacting the delivery of healthcare worldwide, creating dilemmas related to the duty to care. Although understanding the ethical dilemmas about the duty to care among nurses is necessary to allow effective preparation, few studies have explored these concerns. Aim: This study aimed to identify the ethical dilemmas among clinical nurses in Spain and Chile. It primarily aimed to (1) identify nurses’ agreement with the duty to care despite high risks for themselves and/or their (...) families, (2) describe nurses’ well-being and (3) describe the associations between well-being and the duty to care. Research design: Cross-sectional self-reported anonymous data were collected between May and June 2020 via electronic survey distribution (snowball sampling). Ethical considerations: The Institutional Ethical Review Committees in both countries approved the study (CHUC_2020_33 and 27/2020). Findings: In total, 345 clinical nurses answered the primary question about the duty to care for the sick. Although in the total sample 77.4% agreed they have a duty to care for the sick, significant differences were found between the Spanish and Chilean samples. Overall, 53.6% of the nurses reported low levels of well-being; however, among those reporting low well-being, statistically significant differences were found between Spanish and Chilean nurses as 19.4% and 37.8%, respectively, disagreed with the statement regarding the duty to care. Discussion: Participants in both countries reported several ethical dilemmas, safety fears, consequent stress and low well-being. These results suggest that prompt actions are required to address nurses’ ethical concerns, as they might affect their willingness to work and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the ethical dilemmas nurses are facing related to the duty to care. Not only has the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic given rise to ethical challenges, but it has also affected nurses’ well-being and willingness to work during a pandemic. (shrink)

Simone de Beauvoir and the Politics of Ambiguity is the first full-length study of Beauvoir's political thinking. Best known as the author of The Second Sex, Beauvoir also wrote an array of other political and philosophical texts that together, constitute an original contribution to political theory and philosophy. Sonia Kruks here locates Beauvoir in her own intellectual and political context and demonstrates her continuing significance. Beauvoir still speaks, in a unique voice, to many pressing questions concerning politics: the values (...) and dangers of liberal humanism; how oppressed groups become complicit in their own oppression; how social identities are perpetuated; the limits to rationalism; and the place of emotions, such as the desire for revenge, in politics. In discussing such matters Kruks puts Beauvoir's ideas into conversation with those of many contemporary thinkers, including feminist and race theorists, as well as with historical figures in the liberal, Hegelian, and Marxist traditions. Beauvoir's political thinking emerges from her fundamental insights into the ambiguity of human existence. Combining phenomenological descriptions with structural analyses, she focuses on the tensions of human action as both free and constrained. To be human is to be a paradoxical being, at once capable of free choice and yet, because embodied, vulnerable to injury from others. Politics is thus a domain of complexly interwoven, multiple, human interactions that is rife with ambiguity, and where freedom and violence too often closely intertwine. Beauvoir accordingly argues that failure is a necessary part of political action. However, she also insists that, while acknowledging this, we should assume responsibility for the outcomes of what we do. (shrink)

O impacto para a saúde mental dos filhos da gravidade da depressão materna (DM), em comorbidade com outros transtornos, carece de estudos. Objetivou-se comparar indicadores de saúde mental de escolares, considerando grupos diferenciados pela gravidade da DM com e sem comorbidade com Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB). Foram avaliadas 90 díades mães-crianças, distribuídas em três grupos, sistematicamente avaliados: Grupo Depressão (GD) - mães com indicadores de sintomas atuais de depressão e histórico de episódios anteriores, sem indicadores de TPB, Grupo Depressão (...) em Comorbidade com TPB (GD-TPB) - mães com sintomas depressivos atuais e histórico de episódios anteriores com comorbidade com indicadores de TPB, e Grupo de Comparação (GC) - mães sem histórico de sintomas depressivos nem indicadores de TPB. As crianças, de ambos os sexos, tinham idade entre seis e 10 anos. Procedeu-se às avaliações em sessões individuais: a) com as mães - Questionário Geral e Questionário Sobre a Saúde do Paciente, Entrevista Clínica TPB e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ); e b) com as crianças - Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Tratou-se os dados por procedimentos estatísticos (p ≤0,05). As crianças do GD-TPB apresentaram, com significância estatística, média maior que GD e GC quanto ao escore de problemas total, conduta, hiperatividade e problemas de relacionamento. Verificou-se associação da gravidade da DM com TPB com mais problemas de saúde mental infantil, caracterizando um grupo clínico preferencial para intervenções em saúde mental. (shrink)

Humanización de los servicios de salud en Iberoamérica: una revisión sistemática de la literatura Humanização dos serviços de saúde na Ibero-América: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Humanization is an ethical imperative that contributes to safeguarding human dignity in harmony with bioethical principles and deontological regulations that govern health care practices. The present study aims to explore the advances in the humanization of Ibero-American health care in the last ten years through a systematic review. Results show that such advances point to (...) understanding the phenomenon based on theoretical approaches, a growing interest in the subject in recent years, and the creation of policies, programs and strategies that should be strengthened from a comprehensive view of the human being. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Carlosama DM, Villota NG, Benavides VK, Villalobos-Galvis FH, Hernández EL, Matabanchoy SM. Humanización de los servicios de salud en Iberoamérica: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Pers Bioet. 2019;23:245-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.2.6 Recibido: 21/06/2019 Aceptado: 04/09/2019. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do trabalho do professor partindo de sua formação inicial de graduação e a aplicação de questionário, com questões abertas aos professores do município de Piranguinho, situado na região Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais em relação ao trabalho desenvolvido na rede municipal com o programa de “Educação para o Pensar” - Filosofia para Crianças e Jovens, na educação básica.

This paper analyses the way in which discourse and argumentation may vary depending on participants’ educational level and gender. Men and women from three different educational levels (literacy, advanced level and university students) participated in discussion groups that debated about women and work, the sharing of housework and the way in which girls and boys are educated. The results showed important differences depending on participants’ educational level and gender. In general, the main differences were related to educational level, while gender (...) tended to interact with educational level, as a moderating factor. (shrink)

How should socially privileged white feminists address their privilege? Often, individuals are urged to overcome their own personal racism through a politics of self-transformation. The paper argues that this strategy may be problematic, since it rests on an over-autonomous conception of the self. The paper turns to Simone de Beauvoir for an alternative account of the self, as “situated,” and explores what this means for a politics of privilege.

To explore the strategic role of translation in radical Enlightenment thought and its interconnection with social revolutions, this contribution focuses on the figure of D'Holbach and the textual case of the Traité des trois imposteurs. It discusses the baron's publishing, translating and writing activities, his sources, mainly Spinoza and Boulainvilliers, and his own work built largely on those same sources. It brings publishers, translators, anonymous manuscript-writers and authors of different historical periods into the same conceptual and historical-archaeological scheme to test (...) the thesis of ‘entangled histories of revolution'. The case of the Traité des trois imposteurs in D'Holbach's edition/translation of 1768 compared with its sources, variants and effects, can be seen as an example of strategic text fabrication and such an entanglement. In each of the translations/editions of the Traité, we encounter an appropriation of the text inspired by the current context and need for renewal. This is also the case in D'Holbach’s “own” work and in each of the other “sources,” namely Lucas (1719), Boulainvilliers (1712) and Spinoza himself. The same happens when we look to the editions/translations that follow until 1796, and especially in the Italian translation (1798) presumably effected by Bocalosi, a radical translation in every sense. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es recoger de forma sistemática las principales reflexiones en torno al tema de Dios y la religión en la obra de Javier Muguerza. Con este esbozo cordial de filosofía de la religión se muestra la evolución en el pensamiento de Muguerza desde una filosofía analítica de la religión —preocupada por esclarecer el análisis lógico del lenguaje religioso y la dimensión racional de la creencia religiosa— a una filosofía práctica de la religión —centrada en las condiciones (...) de posibilidad del diálogo entre creyentes y no creyentes y en la reflexión conjunta sobre valores compartidos como la esperanza—. Por último, se defiende la tesis de que las contribuciones de Muguerza en este campo constituyen un claro ejemplo de filosofía de la religión realizada desde el respeto de la increencia. (shrink)

S'appuyant sur des exemples issus de l'étude de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ainsi que de l'histoire du passé récent dans les sociétés post-communistes, cet article tente de voir dans quelle mesure les modalités d'accès aux archives publiques peuvent être tenues pour responsables de phénomènes d'amnésie - ou d'hypermnésie - de la mémoire collective, de la fabrication de mythes et de légendes. Il est certain que sans l'accès aux archives du troisième Reich, Raul Hilberg n'aurait pu entreprendre son œuvre monumentale et (...) pionnière sur la destruction des juifs d'Europe. Pour autant, il est des domaines, notam­ment celui des comportements collectifs, sur lesquels l'archive est muette - à moins de bénéficier de ces formidables corpus que constituent par exemple les archives des polices politiques comme les dossiers de la Stasi. Toutefois, l'usage public de ce type d'archives peut poser problème et générer des batailles de mémoire. Lestés d'enjeux, les conflits de mémoire ne se résolvent certes pas à coup de preuves tirées des archives, mais la rétention de ces dernières favorise incontestablement l'élaboration de récits mythiques ou de « romans nationaux ».Drawing on examples from studies of the Second World War and from the recent history of post-Com­munist societies, this article attempts to discern how far rules of access to public archives may have been responsible for collective amnesia - or hyper-amnesia - and the emergence of myths and legends. What is certain is that without access to the archives of the Third Reich, Raul Hilberg would never have been able to undertake his monumental pioneering work on the destruction of Europe's Jews. And yet, there are areas, especially where collective behaviour is concerned, that cannot be fathomed through archives - short of having access to the extraordinary material represented by political police archives such as the Stasi files. However, public use of such archives can raise problems and generate conflicts over memory. Because they embody such a weight of issues, conflicts over memory cannot be resolved merely by pulling out evidence from an archive, but withholding such records most certainly fosters the emergence of mythical narratives and "national epics". (shrink)

La identidad de la expresión lingüistica argentina ha sido estudiada a fondo por numerosos críticos literarios y lingüistas que demostraron la estrecha relación que existe entre lengua, ideología y contexto socio-histórico, especialmente al incorporarse al discurso narrativo el concepto de oralidad y “coloquialidad”. En este ensayo nos basaremos en estudios de autores tales como Beatriz Sarlo, Walter Bruno Berg, Wolf Oesterreicher, María Zulema Kulikowski, entre otros, para situar a dos escritores argentinos, Jorge Luis Borges y Manuel Puig, dentro de su (...) época y revelar cómo sus ansiedades personales y sociales impactaron la percepción de su obra como representativa de lo que se considera el lenguaje argentino. (shrink)

Clio – Quelle est votre expérience d’histoire orale en pays communiste? SC : Membre d’une association constituée auprès de la BDIC (Bibliothèque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine) et du CNRS, j’ai effectué plusieurs missions en Europe de l’Est dans les années 1980, puis immédiatement après le changement de régime, au tournant des années 1980-1990. L’objectif de l’association était de collecter la mémoire d’acteurs et témoins d’événements historiques – ou considérés comme tels dep...

Au sein du service de placement où exerce en tant que psychologue le premier auteur de cet article a été développée une recherche longitudinale qui vise à explorer le fonctionnement psychique des adolescents auteurs de violences sexuelles et les modalités de leur accompagnement éducatif et thérapeutique. L’article propose de se centrer sur leur placement en famille d’accueil, la dynamique relationnelle témoignant des particularités des liens tissés avec les premiers objets. La présentation de la situation de Nicolas mettra en exergue les (...) difficultés, malentendus et usures qui semblent illustrer un scénario qui se répète et qui conduit à la rupture. Les auteurs ouvrent une réflexion, dans une perspective psychodynamique, pour tenter de comprendre les mouvements psychiques à l’œuvre du côté de l’adolescent, notamment sur un plan intersubjectif, dans la perspective développée par René Kaës, et invitent à s’intéresser aux adaptations nécessaires au sein des dispositifs éducativo-thérapeutiques d’accompagnement. (shrink)

On chercherait en vain dans l'art contemporain la séduction du grand art. Les oeuvres ne s'adressent plus à nous et ne sont plus faites pour être regardées, car leur originalité tient à une idée. Toutes les formes de la modernité portent l'empreinte du concept. Avec les ruptures successives du XXe siècle, l'artiste a endossé l'habit du critique et la négativité s'est substituée à la pratique effective. C'est en ce sens que l'on peut parler de la fin de l'innocence de l'art. (...) C'est dans les écrits de Nietzsche que se dessine en creux ce thème. L'innocence renvoie à la résistance que l'art oppose à tout discours et à toute saisie réflexive, à la tension toujours irrésolue qui l'anime. L'oeuvre d'art est une énigme loin de la transparence des idées. Est-il possible de retrouver l'innocence ou est-ce la fin de l'art? (shrink)